Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging
Volume 174, Issue 3 , Pages 177-183 , 30 December 2009

Normal metabolite levels in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of unmedicated major depressive disorder patients: A single voxel 1H spectroscopy study

  • Fabiano G. Nery

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
    • South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy, San Antonio, TX, USA
    • Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
  • ,
  • Jeffrey A. Stanley

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
  • ,
  • Hua-Hsuan Chen

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
  • ,
  • John P. Hatch

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
    • Department of Orthodontics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
  • ,
  • Mark A. Nicoletti

      Affiliations

    • Center of Excellence for Research and Treatment of Bipolar Disorders (CERT-BD), Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
  • ,
  • Emel Serap Monkul

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
    • South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy, San Antonio, TX, USA
  • ,
  • Koji Matsuo

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
    • South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy, San Antonio, TX, USA
  • ,
  • Sheila C. Caetano

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
    • South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy, San Antonio, TX, USA
    • Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
  • ,
  • Marco A. Peluso

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
    • South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy, San Antonio, TX, USA
    • Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
  • ,
  • Pablo Najt

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
    • South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy, San Antonio, TX, USA
  • ,
  • Jair C. Soares

      Affiliations

    • Center of Excellence for Research and Treatment of Bipolar Disorders (CERT-BD), Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. UNC Center of Excellence for Research and Treatment of Bipolar Disorders (CERT-BD), Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 10616 Neuroscience Hospital CB # 7160, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7160, USA. Tel.: +1 919 966 8832.

Received 10 December 2007 ,Revised 6 May 2009 ,Accepted 15 May 2009.

References 

  1. Auer DP, Putz B, Kraft E, Lipinski B, Schill J, Holsboer F. Reduced glutamate in the anterior cingulate cortex in depression: an in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Biological Psychiatry. 2000;47:305–313
  2. Avery DH, Holtzheimer PE, Fawaz W, Russo J, Neumaier J, Dunner DL, et al. A controlled study of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in medication-resistant major depression. Biological Psychiatry. 2006;59:187–194
  3. Bartha R, Drost DJ, Menon RS, Williamson PC. Comparison of the quantification precision of human short echo time (1)H spectroscopy at 1.5 and 4.0 Tesla. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 2000;44:185–192
  4. Baslow MH. Functions of N-acetyl-L-aspartate and N-acetyl-L-aspartylglutamate in the vertebrate brain: role in glial cell-specific signaling. Journal of Neurochemistry. 2000;75:453–459
  5. Baxter LR, Schwartz JM, Phelps ME, Mazziotta JC, Guze BH, Selin CE, et al. Reduction of prefrontal cortex glucose metabolism common to three types of depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1989;46:243–250
  6. Bessman SP, Geiger PJ. Transport of energy in the muscle: the phosphorylcreatine shuttle. Science. 1981;211:448–452
  7. Bhagwagar Z, Wylenzinska M, Taylor M, Jezzard P, Matthews PM, Cowen PJ. Increased brain GABA concentrations following acute administration of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2004;161:368–370
  8. Bhakoo KK, Pearce D. In vitro expression of N-acetyl aspartate by oligodendrocytes: implications for proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy signal in vivo. Journal of Neurochemistry. 2000;74:254–262
  9. Biver F, Goldman S, Delvenne V, Luxen A, De Maertelaer V, Hubain P, et al. Frontal and parietal metabolic disturbances in unipolar depression. Biological Psychiatry. 1994;36:381–388
  10. Brambilla P, Stanley JA, Nicoletti MA, Sassi RB, Mallinger AG, Frank E, et al. 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in unipolar mood disorder patients. Psychiatry Research. 2005;138:131–139
  11. Caetano SC, Fonseca M, Olvera RL, Nicoletti M, Hatch JP, Stanley JA, et al. Proton spectroscopy study of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in pediatric depressed patients. Neuroscience Letters. 2005;384:321–326
  12. Chakraborty G, Mekala P, Yahya D, Wu G, Ledeen RW. Intraneuronal N-acetylaspartate supplies acetyl groups for myelin lipid synthesis: evidence for myelin-associated aspartoacylase. Journal of Neurochemistry. 2001;78:736–745
  13. Chang L, Ernst T, Poland RF, Jenden DJ. In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the normal aging human brain. Life Sciences. 1996;58:2049–2056
  14. Cotter D, Mackay D, Chana G, Beasley C, Landau S, Everall IP. Reduced neuronal size and glial cell density in area 9 of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in subjects with major depressive disorder. Cerebral Cortex. 2002;12:386–394
  15. Coupland NJ, Ogilvie CJ, Hegadoren KM, Seres P, Hanstock CC, Allen PS. Decreased prefrontal myo-inositol in major depressive disorder. Biological Psychiatry. 2005;57:1526–1534
  16. Dale AM, Fischl B, Sereno M. Cortical surface-based analysis, I: segmentation and surface reconstruction. NeuroImage. 1999;9:179–194
  17. de Graaf AA, Bovee WM. Improved quantification of in vivo 1 H NMR spectra by optimization of signal acquisition and processing and by incorporation of prior knowledge into the spectral fitting. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 1990;15:305–319
  18. D'Esposito M. Executive functions and frontal systems. In:  Schiffer RB,  Rao SM,  Fogel BS editor. Neuropsychiatry. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2003;p. 328–337
  19. Drevets WC. Neuroimaging studies of mood disorders. Biological Psychiatry. 2000;48:813–829
  20. Eschweiler GW, Wegerer C, Schlotter W, Spandl C, Stevens A, Bartels M, et al. Left prefrontal activation predicts therapeutic effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in major depression. Psychiatry Research. 2000;99:161–172
  21. Farchione TR, Moore GJ, Rosenberg DR. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in pediatric major depression. Biological Psychiatry. 2002;52:86–92
  22. First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JBW. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis Disorders. New York, NY: State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research; 1995;
  23. Goff DC, Hennen J, Lyoo K, Tsai G, Wald LL, Evins AE, et al. Modulation of brain and serum glutamatergic concentrations following a switch from conventional neuroleptics to olanzapine. Biological Psychiatry. 2002;15:493–497
  24. Hamilton M. Hamilton psychiatric rating scale for depression. In:  Guy W editors. ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology. Washington DCL: U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare; 1976;p. 179–192
  25. Hasler G, Neumeister A, van der Veen JW, Tumonis T, Bain EE, Shen J, et al. Normal prefrontal gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in remitted depressed subjects determined by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Biological Psychiatry. 2005;58:969–973
  26. Hasler G, van der Veen W, Tumonis T, Meyers N, Shen J, Drevets WC. Reduced prefrontal glutamate/glutamine and γ-aminobutyric acid levels in major depression determined using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2007;64:193–200
  27. Hofmann L, Slotboom J, Jung B, Maloca P, Boesch C, Kreis R. Quantitative 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human brain: influence of composition and parameterization of the basis set in linear combination model-fitting. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 2002;48:440–453
  28. Jackson GD, Duncan JS. MRI Anatomy: A New Angle on the Brain. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1996;
  29. Kato T, Takahashi S, Shioiri T, Inubushi T. Brain phosphorus metabolism in depressive disorders detected by phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Journal of Affective Disorders. 1992;26:223–230
  30. Kato T, Inubushi T, Kato N. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in affective disorders. Journal of Neuropsychiatry. 1998;10:133–147
  31. Kim H, McGrath BM, Silverstone PH. A review of the possible relevance of inositol and the phosphatidylinositol second messenger system (PI-cycle) to psychiatric disorders — focus on magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies. Human Psychopharmacology. 2005;20:309–326
  32. Krystal JH, Sanacora G, Blumberg H, Anand A, Charney DS, Marek G, et al. Glutamate and GABA systems as targets for novel antidepressant and mood-stabilizing treatments. Molecular Psychiatry. 2002;7:S71–S80
  33. Kugaya A, Sanacora G. Beyond monoamines: glutamatergic function in mood disorders. CNS Spectrums. 2005;10:808–819
  34. Kumar A, Thomas A, Lavretsky H, Yue K, Huda A, Curran J, et al. Frontal white matter biochemical abnormalities in late-life major depression detected with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2002;159:630–636
  35. Magistretti PJ, Pellerin L. Cellular mechanisms of brain energy metabolism and their relevance to functional brain imaging. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 1999;354:1155–1163
  36. Mayberg HS. Modulating dysfunctional limbic-cortical circuits in depression: towards the development of brain-based algorithms for diagnosis and optimized treatment. British Medical Bulletin. 2003;65:193–207
  37. Mayberg HS, Liotti M, Brannan SK, McGinnis S, Mahurin RK, Jerabek PA, et al. Reciprocal limbic-cortical function and negative mood: converging PET findings in depression and normal sadness. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1999;156:675–682
  38. Michael N, Erfurth A, Ohrmann P, Arolt V, Heindel W, Pfleiderer B. Metabolic changes within the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex occurring with electroconvulsive therapy in patients with treatment resistant unipolar depression. Psychological Medicine. 2003;33:1277–1284
  39. Murata T, Kimura H, Omori M, Kado H, Kosaka H, Iidaka T, et al. MRI white matter hyperintensities, (1)H-MR spectroscopy and cognitive function in geriatric depression: a comparison of early- and late-onset cases. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2001;16:1129–1135
  40. Pfefferbaum A, Adalsteinsson E, Spielman E, Sullivan EV, Lim KO. In vivo spectroscopic quantification of the N-acetyl moiety, creatine, and choline from large volumes of brain gray and white matter: effects of normal aging. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 1999;41:276–284
  41. Pouwels PJ, Brockmann K, Kruse B, Wilken B, Wick M, Hanefeld F, et al. Regional age dependence of human brain metabolites from infancy to adulthood as detected by quantitative localized proton MRS. Pediatric Research. 1999;46:474–485
  42. Provencher SW. Estimation of metabolite concentrations from localized in vivo proton NMR spectra. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 1993;30:672–679
  43. Rajkowska G, Miguel-Hidalgo JJ, Wei J, Dilley G, Pittman SD, Meltzer HY, et al. Morphometric evidence for neuronal and glial prefrontal cell pathology in major depression. Biological Psychiatry. 1999;45:1085–1098
  44. Ratiney H, Sdika M, Coenradie Y, Cavassila S, van Ormondt D, Graveron-Demilly D. Time-domain semi-parametric estimation based on a metabolite basis set. NMR in Biomedicine. 2005;18:1–13
  45. Robinson RG, Szetela B. Mood change following left hemispheric brain injury. Annals of Neurology. 1981;9:447–453
  46. Rosenberg DR, MacMaster FP, Keshavan MS, Fitzgerald KD, Stewart CM, Moore GJ. Decrease in caudate glutamatergic concentrations in pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder patients taking paroxetine. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2000;39:1096–1103
  47. Rothman DL, Sibson NR, Hyder F, Shen J, Behar KL, Shulman RG. In vivo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of the relationship between the glutamate–glutamine neurotransmitter cycle and functional neuroenergetics. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 1999;354:1165–1177
  48. Sanacora G, Mason GF, Rothman DL, Krystal JH. Increased occipital cortex GABA concentrations in depressed patients after therapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2002;159:663–665
  49. Sanacora G, Gueorguieva R, Epperson CN, Wu YT, Appel M, Rothman DL, et al. Subtype-specific alterations of γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate in patients with major depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2004;61:705–713
  50. Seeger U, Klose U, Mader I, Grodd W, Nagele T. Parameterized evaluation of macromolecules and lipids in proton MR spectroscopy of brain diseases. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 2003;49:19–28
  51. Sheline YI. Neuroimaging studies of mood disorder effects on the brain. Biological Psychiatry. 2003;54:338–352
  52. Shen J, Rothman DL. Magnetic resonance spectroscopic approaches to studying neuronal: glial interactions. Biological Psychiatry. 2002;52:694–700
  53. Silverstone PH, Wu RH, O'Donnell T, Ulrich M, Asghar SJ, Hanstock CC. Chronic treatment with both lithium and sodium valproate may normalize phosphoinositol cycle activity in bipolar patients. Human Psychopharmacology. 2002;17:321–327
  54. Silverstone PH, Wu RH, O'Donnell T, Ulrich M, Asghar SJ, Hanstock CC. Chronic treatment with lithium, but not sodium valproate, increases cortical N-acetyl-aspartate concentrations in euthymic bipolar patients. International Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2003;18:73–79
  55. Smith SM, Jenkinson M, Woolrich M, Beckmann CF, Behrens TE, Johansen-Berg H, et al. Advances in functional and structural MR image analysis and implementation as FSL. NeuroImage. 2004;23(suppl 1):S208–S219
  56. Soares JC, Mann JJ. The anatomy of mood disorders — review of structural neuroimaging studies. Biological Psychiatry. 1997;41:86–106
  57. Stanley JA. In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy and its application to neuropsychiatric disorders. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2002;47:315–326
  58. Stanley JA, Drost DJ, Williamson PC, Thompson RT. The use of a priori knowledge to quantify short echo in vivo 1H MR spectra. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 1995;34:17–24
  59. Stanley JA, Pettegrew JW, Keshavan MS. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in schizophrenia: methodological issues and findings — part I. Biological Psychiatry. 2000;48:357–368
  60. Stork C, Renshaw PF. Mitochondrial dysfunction in bipolar disorder: evidence from magnetic resonance spectroscopy research. Molecular Psychiatry. 2005;10:900–919
  61. Urenjak J, Williams SR, Gadian DG, Noble M. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy unambiguously identifies different neural cell types. Journal of Neuroscience. 1993;13:981–989
  62. Volz HP, Rzanny R, Riehemann S, May S, Hegewald H, Preussler B, et al. 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the frontal lobe of major depressed patients. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 1998;248:289–295
  63. Zarate CA, Du J, Quiroz J, Gray NA, Denicoff KD, Singh J, et al. Regulation of cellular plasticity cascades in the pathophysiology and treatment of mood disorders. Role of the glutamatergic system. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2003;1003:273–291

PII: S0925-4927(09)00139-5

doi: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2009.05.003

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging
Volume 174, Issue 3 , Pages 177-183 , 30 December 2009