Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging
Volume 172, Issue 3 , Pages 235-241 , 30 June 2009

Functional connectivity reveals inefficient working memory systems in post-traumatic stress disorder

  • Marnie E. Shaw

      Affiliations

    • Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. School of Psychology, Flinders University, G.P.O. Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. Tel.: +61 8 8201 2425; fax: +61 8 8201 3877.
  • ,
  • Kathryn A. Moores

      Affiliations

    • Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
  • ,
  • Richard C. Clark

      Affiliations

    • Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
  • ,
  • Alexander C. McFarlane

      Affiliations

    • The Centre of Military and Veterans' Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
  • ,
  • Stephen C. Strother

      Affiliations

    • Rotman Research Institute of Baycrest and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
  • ,
  • Richard A. Bryant

      Affiliations

    • School of Psychology, University of New South Wales and The Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
  • ,
  • Greg C. Brown

      Affiliations

    • MRI Suite, Department of Radiology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
  • ,
  • James D. Taylor

      Affiliations

    • MRI Suite, Department of Radiology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia

Received 25 January 2008 ,Revised 4 June 2008 ,Accepted 4 July 2008.

References 

  1. American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Fourth ed.. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1994;
  2. Aston-Jones G, Rajkowski J, Cohen J. Role of locus coerulues in attention and behavioral flexibility. Biological Psychiatry. 1999;46:1309–1320
  3. Blake DD, Weathers FW, Nagy LM, Kaloupek DG, Klauminzer G, Charney DS, et al. A clinician rating scale for assessing current and lifetime PTSD: the CAPS-1. The Behaviour Therapist. 1990;13:187–188
  4. Bremner JD, Narayan M, Staib LH, Southwick SM, McGlashan T, Charney DS. Neural correlates of memories of childhood sexual abuse in women with and without posttraumatic stress disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1999;156:1787–1795
  5. Bremner JD, Vythilingam M, Vermetten E, Southwick SM, McGlashan T, Staib LH, et al. Neural correlates of declarative memory for emotionally valenced words in women with posttraumatic stress disorder related to early childhood sexual abuse. Biological Psychiatry. 2003;53:879–889
  6. Brewin CR, Kleiner JS, Vasterling JJ, Field AP. Memory for emotionally neutral information in posttraumatic stress disorder: a meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 2007;116:448–463
  7. Bryant RA, Felmingham KL, Kemp AH, Barton M, Peduto AS, Rennie C, et al. Neural networks of information processing in posttraumatic stress disorder: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Biological Psychiatry. 2005;58:111–118
  8. Campbell NA, Atchley WR. The geometry of canonical variate analysis. Systematic Zoology. 1981;30:268–280
  9. Clark CR, Egan GF, McFarlane AC, Morris P, Weber DL, Sonkkilla C, et al. Updating working memory for words: a PET activation study. Human Brain Mapping. 2000;9:42–54
  10. Clark CR, McFarlane AC, Morris P, Weber DL, Sonkkilla C, Shaw ME, et al. Cerebral function in posttraumatic stress disorder during verbal working memory updating: a positron emission tomography study. Biological Psychiatry. 2003;53:474–481
  11. Fiebach CJ, Rissman J, D'Esposito M. Modulation of inferotemporal cortex activation during verbal working memory maintenance. Neuron. 2006;51:251–261
  12. Friston KJ, Frith CD, Liddle PF, Frackowiak RS. Functional connectivity: the principal-component analysis of large (PET) data sets. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism. 1993;13:5–14
  13. Friston KJ, Poline JB, Holmes AP, Frith CD, Frackowiak RSJ. A multivariate analysis of PET activation studies. Human Brain Mapping. 1996;4:140–151
  14. Honey GD, Bullmore ET, Sharma T. Prolonged reaction time to verbal working memory task predicts increased power of posterior parietal cortical activation. Neuroimage. 2000;12:495–503
  15. Horowitz M, Wilner M, Alvarez W. Impact of event scale: a measure of subjective stress. Psychosomatic Medicine. 1979;41:209–218
  16. Hutchings E, Devilly GJ. Impact of Event Scale. The University of Melbourne, Forensic Psychology & Victim Services; 2001;
  17. Kriegeskorte N, Goebel R, Bandettini P. Information-based functional brain mapping. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2006;103:3863–3868
  18. Kucera H, Francis WN. Computational Analysis of Present-Day American English. Providence, Rhode Island: Brown University Press; 1967;
  19. Lanius RA, Bluhm R, Lanius U, Pain C. A review of neuroimaging studies in PTSD: heterogeneity of response to symptom provocation. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2006;40:709–729
  20. McIntosh AR, Bookstein FL, Haxby JV, Grady CL. Spatial pattern analysis of functional brain images using partial least squares. Neuroimage. 1996;3:143–157
  21. Moeller JR, Strother SC. A regional covariance approach to the analysis of functional patterns in positron emission tomographic data. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism. 1991;11:A121–135
  22. Moores KA, Clark CR, McFarlane AC, Brown GC, Puce A, Taylor DJ. Abnormal recruitment of working memory updating networks during maintenance of trauma-neutral information in post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging. 2008;163:156–170
  23. Morey RA, Petty CM, Cooper DA, LaBar KS, McCarthy G. Neural systems for executive and emotional processing are modulated by symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in Iraq War veterans. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging. 2008;162:59–72
  24. Paulesu E, Frith CD, Frackowiak RSJ. The neural correlates of the verbal component of working memory. Nature. 1993;362:342–345
  25. Pole N, Neylan TC, Best SR, Orr SP, Marmar CR. Fear-potentiated startle and posttraumatic stress symptoms in urban police officers. Journal of Traumatic Stress. 2003;16:471–479
  26. Rauch SL, Shin LM, Phelps EA. Neurocircuitry models of posttraumatic stress disorder and extinction: human neuroimaging research—past, present, and future. Biological Psychiatry. 2006;60:376–382
  27. Samuelson KW, Neylan TC, Metzler TJ, Lenoci M, Rothlind J, Henn-Haase C, et al. Neuropsychological functioning in posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol abuse. Neuropsychology. 2006;2006:716–726
  28. Semple WE, Goyer PF, McCormick R, Donovan B, Muzic RF, Rugle L, et al. Higher brain blood flow at amygdala and lower frontal cortex blood flow in PTSD patients with comorbid cocaine and alcohol abuse compared with normals. Psychiatry. 2000;63:65–74
  29. Shaw ME, Strother SC, McFarlane AC, Morris P, Anderson J, Clark CR, et al. Abnormal functional connectivity in posttraumatic stress disorder. Neuroimage. 2002;15:661–674
  30. Shin LM, Kosslyn SM, McNally RJ, Alpert NM, Thompson SL, Rauch ML, et al. Visual imagery and perecption in posttraumatic stress disorder: a positron emission tomographic investigation. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1997;54:233–241
  31. Shin LM, Rauch SL, Pitman RK. Amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, and hippocampal function in PTSD. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2006;1071:67–79
  32. Shin LM, Shin PS, Heckers S, Krangel TS, Macklin ML, Orr SP, et al. Hippocampal function in posttraumatic stress disorder. Hippocampus. 2004;14:292–300
  33. SPSS . Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Mac. Chicago, Illinois: SPSS Inc.; 2002;
  34. Strother SC, Anderson J, Hansen LK, Kjems U, Kustra R, Sidtis J, et al. The quantitative evaluation of functional neuroimaging experiments: the NPAIRS data analysis framework. Neuroimage. 2002;15:747–771
  35. Vasterling JJ, Brailey K, Constans JI, Sutker PB. Attention and memory dysfunction in posttraumatic stress disorder. Neuropsychology. 1998;12:125–133
  36. Veltman DJ, Rombouts SARB, Dolan RJ. Maintenance versus manipulation in verbal working memory revisited: an fMRI study. Neuroimage. 2003;18:247–256
  37. Weathers FW, Keane TM, Davidson J. Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale: a review of the first ten years of research. Depression and Anxiety. 2001;13:132–156
  38. Wilson MD. The MRC psycholinguistic database: machine readable dictionary, Version 2. Behavioural Research Methods, Instruments and Computers. 1988;20:6–11
  39. Woodward TS, Cairo TA, Ruff CC, Takane Y, Hunter MA, Ngan ETC. Functional connectivity reveals load dependent neural systems underlying encoding and maintenance in verbal working memory. Neuroscience. 2006;139:317–325
  40. World Health Organization . Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1990;
  41. Worsley KJ, Poline JB, Friston KJ, Evans AC. Characterizing the response of PET and fMRI data using multivariate linear models (MLM). Neuroimage. 1997;6:305–319
  42. Yehuda R, Keefe RS, Harvey PD, Levengood RA, Gerber DK, Geni J, et al. Learning and memory in combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1995;152:137–139
  43. Zubieta JK, Chinitz JA, Lombardi U, Fig LM, Cameron OG, Liberzon I. Medial frontal cortex involvement in PTSD symptoms: a SPECT study. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 1999;33:259–264

PII: S0925-4927(08)00105-4

doi: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2008.07.014

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging
Volume 172, Issue 3 , Pages 235-241 , 30 June 2009