Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging
Volume 172, Issue 1 , Pages 16-23 , 30 April 2009

An fMRI study of visual attention and sensorimotor function before and after antipsychotic treatment in first-episode schizophrenia

  • Sarah K. Keedy

      Affiliations

    • Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Neuropsychiatric Institute (MC 913), Department of Psychiatry, 912 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, United States. Tel.: +1 312 996 7010; fax: +1 312 413 8837.
    • ,
  • Cherise Rosen

      Affiliations

    • Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
    • ,
  • Tin Khine

      Affiliations

    • Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
    • ,
  • Rajaprabhakaran Rajarethinam

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
    • ,
  • Philip G. Janicak

      Affiliations

    • Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
    • ,
  • John A. Sweeney

      Affiliations

    • Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States

Received 16 September 2007 ,Revised 4 April 2008 ,Accepted 11 June 2008.

References 

  1. Berman RA, Colby CL, Genovese CR, Voyvodic JT, Luna B, Thulborn KR, et al. Cortical networks subserving pursuit and saccadic eye movements in humans: an fMRI study. Human Brain Mapping. 1999;8:209–225
  2. Brewer WJ, Yucel M, Harrison BJ, McGorry PD, Olver J, Egan GF, et al. Increased prefrontal cerebral blood flow in first-episode schizophrenia following treatment: longitudinal positron emission tomography study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2007;41:129–135
  3. Buchanan RW. Persistent negative symptoms in schizophrenia: an overview. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 2007;33:1013–1022
  4. Buchsbaum MS, Wu JC, Delisi LE, Holcomb HH, Hazlett E, Cooper-Langston K, et al. Positron emission tomography studies of basal ganglia and somatosensory cortex neuroleptic drug effects: differences between normal controls and schizophrenic patients. Biological Psychiatry. 1987;22:479–494
  5. Castner SA, Williams GV, Goldman-Rakic PS. Reversal of antipsychotic-induced working memory deficits by short-term dopamine D1 receptor stimulation. Science. 2000;287:2020–2022
  6. Chakos MH, Lieberman JA, Alvir J, Bilder R, Ashtari M. Caudate nuclei volumes in schizophrenic patients treated with typical antipsychotics or clozapine. Lancet. 1995;345:456–457
  7. Chen Y, Levy DL, Nakayama K, Matthysse S, Palafox G, Holzman PS. Dependence of impaired eye tracking on deficient velocity discrimination in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1999;56:155–161
  8. Corbetta M. Frontoparietal cortical networks for directing attention and the eye to visual locations: identical, independent, or overlapping neural systems?. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1998;95:831–838
  9. Corson PW, Nopoulos P, Miller DD, Arndt S, Andreasen NC. Change in basal ganglia volume over 2 years in patients with schizophrenia: typical versus atypical neuroleptics. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1999;156:1200–1204
  10. Corson PW, O'Leary DS, Miller DD, Andreasen NC. The effects of neuroleptic medications on basal ganglia blood flow in schizophreniform disorders: a comparison between the neuroleptic-naive and medicated states. Biological Psychiatry. 2002;52:855–862
  11. Cox RW. AFNI: software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages. Computers and Biomedical Research. 1996;29:162–173
  12. Dierks T, Linden DEJ, Jandl M, Formisano E, Goebel R, Lanfermann H, et al. Activation of Heschl's Gyrus during auditory hallucinations. Neuron. 1999;22:615–621
  13. Eddy WF, Fitzgerald M, Genovese CR, Mockus A, Noll DC. Functional image analysis software — computational olio. In:  Prat A editors. Proceedings in Computational Statistics. Heidelberg, Germany: Physica-Verlag; 1996;p. 39–49
  14. Erwin RJ, Mawhinney-Hee M, Gur RC, Gur RE. Midlatency auditory evoked responses in schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry. 1991;30:430–442
  15. Erwin RJ, Turetsky BI, Moberg P, Gur RC, Gur RE. P50 abnormalities in schizophrenia: relationship to clinical and neuropsychological indices of attention. Schizophrenia Research. 1998;33:157–167
  16. Everling S, Munoz DP. Neuronal correlates for preparatory set associated with pro-saccades and anti-saccades in the primate frontal eye field. Journal of Neuroscience. 2000;20:387–400
  17. Funahashi S, Bruce CJ, Goldman-Rakic PS. Mnemonic coding of visual space in the monkey's dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology. 1989;61:331–349
  18. Goldman-Rakic PS, Castner SA, Svensson TH, Siever LJ, Williams GV. Targeting the dopamine D1 receptor in schizophrenia: insights for cognitive dysfunction. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2004;174:3–16
  19. Greicius MD, Krasnow B, Reiss AL, Menon V. Functional connectivity in the resting brain: a network analysis of the default mode hypothesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2003;100:253–258
  20. Hikosaka O, Takikawa Y, Kawagoe R. Role of the basal ganglia in the control of purposive saccadic eye movements. Physiological Reviews. 2000;80:953–978
  21. Honey GD, Suckling J, Zelaya F, Long C, Routledge C, Jackson S, et al. Dopaminergic drug effects on physiological connectivity in a human cortico-striato-thalamic system. Brain. 2003;126:1767–1781
  22. Johnson SC, Lowery N, Kohler C, Turetsky BI. Global–local visual processing in schizophrenia: evidence for an early visual processing deficit. Biological Psychiatry. 2005;58:937–946
  23. Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 1987;13:261–276
  24. Keedy SK, Ebens CL, Keshavan MS, Sweeney JA. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of eye movements in first episode schizophrenia: smooth pursuit, visually guided saccades and the oculomotor delayed response task. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging. 2006;146:199–211
  25. Kim D, Wylie G, Pasternak R, Butler PD, Javitt DC. Magnocellular contributions to impaired motion processing in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. 2006;82:1–8
  26. Lahti AC, Weiler MA, Medoff DR, Tamminga CA, Holcomb HH. Functional effects of single dose first- and second-generation antipsychotic administration in subjects with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging. 2005;139:19–30
  27. Lane CJ, Ngan ETC, Yatham LN, Ruth TJ, Liddle PF. Immediate effects of risperidone on cerebral activity in healthy subjects: a comparison with subjects with first-episode schizophrenia. Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience. 2004;29:30–37
  28. Lehrer DS, Christian BT, Mantil J, Murray AC, Buchsbaum BR, Oakes TR, et al. Thalamic and prefrontal FDG uptake in never medicated patients with schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2005;62:931–938
  29. Liddle PF, Lane CJ, Ngan ET. Immediate effects of risperidone on cortico-striato-thalamic loops and the hippocampus. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2000;177:402–407
  30. Lieberman JA, Tollefson GD, Charles C, Zipursky R, Sharma T, Kahn RS, et al. Antipsychotic drug effects on brain morphology in first-episode psychosis. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2005;62:361–370
  31. Luna B, Thulborn KR, Strojwas MH, McCurtain BJ, Berman RA, Genovese CR, et al. Dorsal cortical regions subserving visually-guided saccades in humans: an fMRI study. Cerebral Cortex. 1998;8:40–47
  32. Magnotta VA, Harris G, Andreasen NC, O'Leary DA, Yuh WTC, Heckel D. Structural MR image processing using the BRAIN2 toolbox. Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics. 2002;26:251–264
  33. McDowell JE, Brown GG, Paulus M, Martinez A, Stewart SE, Dubowitz DJ, et al. Neural correlates of refixation saccades and antisaccades in normal and schizophrenia subjects. Biological Psychiatry. 2002;51:216–223
  34. Merriam EP, Colby CL, Thulborn KR, Luna B, Olson CR, Sweeney JA. Stimulus-response incompatibility activates cortex proximate to three eye fields. Neuroimage. 2001;13:794–800
  35. Miller DD, Andreasen NC, O'Leary DS, Watkins GL, Boles Ponto LL, Hichwa RD. Comparison of the effects of risperidone and haloperidol on regional cerebral blood flow in schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry. 2001;49:704–715
  36. Ngan ETC, Lane CJ, Ruth TJ, Liddle PF. Immediate and delayed effects of risperidone on cerebral metabolism in neuroleptic naive schizophrenic patients: correlations with symptom change. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. 2002;72:106–110
  37. Oranje B, Geyer MA, Bocker KBE, Kenemans JL, Verbaten MN. Prepulse inhibition and P50 suppression: commonalities and dissociations. Psychiatry Research. 2006;143:147–158
  38. Petit L, Clark VP, Ingeholm J, Haxby JV. Dissociation of saccade-related and pursuit-related activation in human frontal eye fields as revealed by fMRI. Journal of Neurophysiology. 1997;77:3386–3390
  39. Raemaekers M, Jansma JM, Cahn W, van der Geest JN, van der Linden JA, Kahn RS, et al. Neuronal substrate of the saccadic inhibition deficit in schizophrenia investigated with 3-dimensional event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2002;59:313–320
  40. Raichle ME, MacLeod AM, Snyder AZ, Powers WJ, Gusnard DA, Shulman GL. A default mode of brain function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2001;98:676–682
  41. Rees G, Frith CD, Lavie N. Modulating irrelevant motion perception by varying attentional load in an unrelated task. Science. 1997;278:1616–1619
  42. Reilly JL, Harris MS, Keshavan MS, Sweeney JA. Abnormalities in visually guided saccades suggest corticofugal dysregulation in never-treated schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry. 2005;57:145–154
  43. Reilly JL, Harris MSH, Keshavan MS, Sweeney JA. Adverse effects of risperidone on spatial working memory in first-episode schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2006;63:1189–1197
  44. Reilly JL, Harris MSH, Keshavan MS, Sweeney JA. Atypical antipsychotics exacerbate impairment on a translational spatial working memory task in first-episode schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry. 2006;59:153S–154S
  45. Rinaldi A, Mandillo S, Oliverio A, Mele A. D1 and D2 receptor antagonist injections in the prefrontal cortex selectively impair spatial learning in mice. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007;32:309–319
  46. Sanjuan J, Lull JJ, Aguilar EJ, Marti-Bonmati L, Moratal D, Gonzalez JC, et al. Emotional words induce enhanced brain activity in schizophrenic patients with auditory hallucinations. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging. 2007;154:21–29
  47. Schiller PH, Chou IH. The effects of frontal eye field and dorsomedial frontal cortex lesions on visually guided eye movements. Nature Neuroscience. 1998;1:248–253
  48. Seamans JK, Floresco SB, Phillips AG. D-1 receptor modulation of hippocampal–prefrontal cortical circuits integrating spatial memory with executive functions in the rat. Journal of Neuroscience. 1998;18:1613–1621
  49. Silverstein S, Uhlhaas PJ, Essex B, Halpin S, Schall U, Carr V. Perceptual organization in first episode schizophrenia and ultra-high-risk states. Schizophrenia Research. 2006;83:41–52
  50. Simo LS, Krisky CM, Sweeney JA. Functional neuroanatomy of anticipatory behavior: dissociation between sensory-driven and memory-driven systems. Cerebral Cortex. 2005;15:1982–1991
  51. Simpson GM, Angus JW. A rating scale for extrapyramidal side effects. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Supplement. 1970;212:11–19
  52. Skarsfeldt T. Differential effect of antipsychotics on place navigation of rats in the Morris water maze — a comparative study between novel and reference antipsychotics. Psychopharmacology. 1996;124:126–133
  53. Snitz BE, MacDonald A, Cohen JD, Cho RY, Becker T, Carter CS. Lateral and medial hypofrontality in first-episode schizophrenia: functional activity in a medication-naive state and effects of short-term atypical antipsychotic treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2005;162:2322–2329
  54. Sommer MA, Tehovnik EJ. Reversible inactivation of macaque frontal eye field. Experimental Brain Research. 1997;116:229–249
  55. Sumich A, Chitnis XA, Fannon DG, O'Ceallaigh S, Doku VC, Faldrowicz A, et al. Unreality symptoms and volumetric measures of Heschl's gyrus and planum temporal in first-episode psychosis. Biological Psychiatry. 2005;57:947–950
  56. Sweeney JA, Mintun MA, Kwee S, Wiseman MB, Brown DL, Rosenberg DR, et al. Positron emission tomography study of voluntary saccadic eye movements and spatial working memory. Journal of Neurophysiology. 1996;75:454–468
  57. Thoma RJ, Hanlon FM, Moses SN, Edgar JC, Huang MX, Weisend MP, et al. Lateralization of auditory sensory gating and neuropsychological dysfunction in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;160:1595–1605
  58. van de Ven VG, Formisano E, Roder CH, Prvulovic D, Bittner RA, Dietz MG, et al. The spatiotemporal pattern of auditory cortical responses during verbal hallucinations. NeuroImage. 2005;27:644–655
  59. van der Stelt O, Lieberman JA, Belger A. Attentional modulation of early-stage visual processing in schizophrenia. Brain Research. 2006;1125:194–198
  60. Wang M, Vijayraghavan S, Goldman-Rakic PS. Selective D2 receptor actions on the functional circuitry of working memory. Science. 2004;303:853–856
  61. Yee CM, Nuechterlein KH, Morris SE, White PM. P50 suppression in recent-onset schizophrenia: clinical correlates and risperidone effects. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1998;107:691–698

PII: S0925-4927(08)00086-3

doi: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2008.06.003

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging
Volume 172, Issue 1 , Pages 16-23 , 30 April 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution