Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging
Volume 162, Issue 1 , Pages 11-25 , 15 January 2008

Brain response abnormalities during verbal learning among patients with schizophrenia

  • Lisa T. Eyler

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
    • Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Mail Code 151B, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, United States. Tel.: +1 858 552 8585x7666; fax: +1 858 642 1458.
  • ,
  • Dilip V. Jeste

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
    • Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
  • ,
  • Gregory G. Brown

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
    • Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States

Received 6 July 2006 ,Revised 3 March 2007 ,Accepted 21 March 2007.

References 

  1. Achim AM, Lepage M. Episodic memory-related activation in schizophrenia: meta-analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2005;187:500–509
  2. American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed.. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press; 1994;
  3. Appelbaum P, Grisso T. MacCAT-CR: MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Clinical Research. Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Press; 2001;
  4. Barch DM, Csernansky JG, Conturo T, Snyder AZ. Working and long-term memory deficits in schizophrenia: is there a common prefrontal mechanism?. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 2002;111:478–494
  5. Bonner-Jackson A, Haut K, Csernansky JG, Barch DM. The influence of encoding strategy on episodic memory and cortical activity in schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry. 2005;58:47–55
  6. Brandt J. The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test: development of a new verbal memory test with six equivalent forms. Clinical Neuropsychology. 1991;5:125–142
  7. Cannon TD, Zorrilla LE, Shtasel D, Gur RE, Gur RC, Marco EJ, et al. Neuropsychological functioning in siblings discordant for schizophrenia and healthy volunteers. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1994;51:651–661
  8. Demb JB, Desmond JE, Wagner AD, Vaidya CJ, Glover GH, Gabrieli JD. Semantic encoding and retrieval in the left inferior prefrontal cortex: a functional MRI study of task difficulty and process specificity. Journal of Neuroscience. 1995;15:5870–5878
  9. Eyler Zorrilla L, Brown G, Kindermann S, Goldin P, Jeste D. Disordered brain activation during novel picture encoding in older patients with schizophrenia: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2000;8:43
  10. Eyler Zorrilla L, Jeste DV, Brown GG. Functional MRI and novel picture learning among older patients with chronic schizophrenia. Abnormal correlations between recognition memory and medial temporal brain response. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2002;10:52–61
  11. Eyler Zorrilla L, Jeste DV, Paulus MP, Brown GG. Functional abnormalities of medial temporal cortex during novel picture learning among patients with chronic schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. 2002;59:187–198
  12. Green MF, Kern RS, Braff DL, Mintz J. Neurocognitive deficits and functional outcome in schizophrenia: are we measuring the “right stuff”?. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 2000;26:119–136
  13. Hazlett EA, Buchsbaum MS, Jeu LA, Nenadic I, Fleischman MB, Shihabuddin L, et al. Hypofrontality in unmedicated schizophrenia patients studied with PET during performance of a serial verbal learning task. Schizophrenia Research. 2000;43:33–46
  14. Heaton RK, Gladsjo JA, Palmer BW, Kuck J, Marcotte TD, Jeste DV. Stability and course of neuropsychological deficits in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2001;58:24–32
  15. Heinze S, Sartory G, Muller BW, de Greiff A, Forsting M, Juptner M. Neural activation during successful and unsuccessful verbal learning in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. 2006;83:121–130
  16. Hofer A, Weiss EM, Golaszewski SM, Siedentopf CM, Brinkhoff C, Kremser C, et al. An FMRI study of episodic encoding and recognition of words in patients with schizophrenia in remission. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;160:911–918
  17. Hofer A, Weiss EM, Golaszewski SM, Siedentopf CM, Brinkhoff C, Kremser C, et al. Neural correlates of episodic encoding and recognition of words in unmedicated patients during an acute episode of schizophrenia: a functional MRI study. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;160:1802–1808
  18. Insausti R, Juottonen K, Soininen H, Insausti AM, Partanen K, Vainio P, et al. MR volumetric analysis of the human entorhinal, perirhinal, and temporopolar cortices. AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology. 1998;19:659–671
  19. Jessen F, Scheef L, Germeshausen L, Tawo Y, Kockler M, Kuhn KU, et al. Reduced hippocampal activation during encoding and recognition of words in schizophrenia patients. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;160:1305–1312
  20. Kucera H, Francis W. Computational Analysis of Present-day American English. Providence, Rhode Island: Brown University Press; 1967;
  21. Lepage M, Montoya A, Pelletier M, Achim AM, Menear M, Lal S. Associative memory encoding and recognition in schizophrenia: an event-related fMRI study. Biological Psychiatry. 2006;60:1215–1223
  22. Leube DT, Rapp A, Erb M, Grodd W, Buchkremer G, Bartels M, et al. Hippocampal dysfunction during episodic memory encoding in patients with schizophrenia — an fMRI study. Schizophrenia Research. 2003;64:83–85
  23. Nelson D, McEvoy C, Schreiber T. The University of South Florida Word Association, Rhyme and Word Fragment Norms. 1998;
  24. Nohara S, Suzuki M, Kurachi M, Yamashita I, Matsui M, Seto H, et al. Neural correlates of memory organization deficits in schizophrenia. A single photon emission computed tomography study with 99mTc-ethyl-cysteinate dimer during a verbal learning task. Schizophrenia Research. 2000;42:209–222
  25. Otten LJ, Henson RN, Rugg MD. Depth of processing effects on neural correlates of memory encoding: relationship between findings from across- and within-task comparisons. Brain. 2001;124:399–412
  26. Ragland JD, Gur RC, Raz J, Schroeder L, Kohler CG, Smith RJ, et al. Effect of schizophrenia on frontotemporal activity during word encoding and recognition: a PET cerebral blood flow study. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2001;158:1114–1125
  27. Ragland JD, Gur RC, Valdez J, Turetsky BI, Elliott M, Kohler C, et al. Event-related fMRI of frontotemporal activity during word encoding and recognition in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2004;161:1004–1015
  28. Ragland JD, Gur RC, Valdez JN, Loughead J, Elliott M, Kohler C, et al. Levels-of-processing effect on frontotemporal function in schizophrenia during word encoding and recognition. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2005;162:1840–1848
  29. Saykin AJ, Gur RC, Gur RE, Mozley D, Mozley LH, Resnick SM, et al. Neuropsychological function in schizophrenia. Selective impairment in memory and learning. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1991;48:618–624
  30. Talairach J, Tournoux P. A Co-planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain. New York: Theime; 1988;
  31. Van Snellenberg JX, Torres IJ, Thornton AE. Functional neuroimaging of working memory in schizophrenia: task performance as a moderating variable. Neuropsychology. 2006;20:497–510
  32. Wagner AD, Koutstaal W, Schacter DL. When encoding yields remembering: insights from event-related neuroimaging. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 1999;354:1307–1324
  33. Wilson MD. The MRC psycholinguistic database: machine readable dictionary, version 2. Behavioral Research Methods. 1988;20:6–11

 Early results of this study were presented at the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry 2003 Annual Meeting and the Society for Neuroscience 2004 Annual Meeting.

PII: S0925-4927(07)00066-2

doi: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2007.03.009

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging
Volume 162, Issue 1 , Pages 11-25 , 15 January 2008