Aberrant functional organization and maturation in early-onset psychosis: Evidence from magnetoencephalography

Abstract 

Studies of the location of somatosensory and auditory cortical responses have shown anomalous hemispheric asymmetries in a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders. To date, abnormal asymmetries in the somatosensory region have shown greater specificity, being reported only in psychotic adults. This study examines the functional organization of the somatosensory cortices using magnetoencephalography in adolescents with childhood-onset psychotic disorders. Eighteen young outpatients with history of psychotic illness and 15 healthy adolescents participated. Both groups underwent stimulation of the index finger as magnetoencephalography was acquired from the contralateral hemisphere. Neural generators of the M50 somatosensory response were modeled using an equivalent current dipole for each hemisphere, and later investigated for systematic variation with diagnosis. Consistent with adult psychosis data, adolescent patients showed hemispheric symmetry in the anterior–posterior dimension. In controls, a reversed pattern of hemispheric asymmetry was observed relative to previous findings in normal adults [Reite, M., Teale, P., Rojas, D.C., Benkers, T.L., Carlson, J., 2003. Anomalous somatosensory cortical localization in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 160, 2148–2153], but trend-level correlations suggested source location became more adult-like during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Source parameters also exhibited robust inter-hemispheric correlations only in adolescent controls. In sum, source locations, patterns of cerebral lateralization, and inter-hemispheric correlations all distinguish patients from their normally developing cohort. These findings suggest aberrant maturation underlies the reduction in cerebral laterality associated with psychosis.

Keywords: Schizophrenia, Somatosensory, Bipolar, MEG, Asymmetry, Development