Inter-rater reliability of manual segmentation of the superior, inferior and middle frontal gyri

Abstract 

Precise rules for locating the anatomical boundaries of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) or its subdivisions, i.e., superior, inferior and middle frontal gyri (SFG, IFG and MFG) on magnetic resonance images (MRI), have not been defined. The present study describes the inter-rater reliability of manual segmentation of the SFG, IFG and MFG using guidelines based on sulcal–gyral anatomical boundaries as well as the cytoarchitectonic features of the sub-regions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Variations in the application of these guidelines in different subjects to account for normal sulcal variability were developed using the atlas of Ono et al. (Ono, M., Kubik, S., Abernathey, C.D., 1990. Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci. Georg Thieme Verlag, New York). Based on previous cytoarchitectonic studies, the coronal plane of the anterior termination of olfactory sulcus (ATOS) was used as a landmark for delimiting the boundary between the frontal pole (FP) and the frontal gyri. The left hemisphere gray-matter volumes of the SFG, IFG and MFG were determined using a set of 10 MRIs (5 normal and 5 schizophrenia subjects) by two trained raters independently. The intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) for the SFG, IFG and MFG volumes by the two raters were 0.97, 0.94 and 0.93, respectively. Thus, we describe a reliable method of parcellating the SFG, IFG and MFG, which constitute the DLPFC, a brain region involved in a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions.

Abbreviations: aHR, anterior horizontal ramus, ATOS, anterior termination of the olfactory sulcus, CC, corpus callosum, CiG, cingulate gyrus, CiS, cingulate sulcus, CSI, circular sulcus of insula, DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, FMS, fronto-marginal sulcus, FP, frontal pole, ICC, intra-class correlation coefficient, IFG, inferior frontal gyrus, IFS, inferior frontal sulcus, LOS, lateral orbital sulcus, MaPCS, marginal pre-central sulcus, MFG, middle frontal gyrus, MFS, middle (intermediate) frontal sulcus, MPFC, medial prefrontal cortex, OPFC, orbital prefrontal cortex, OS, olfactory sulcus, PaCiG, paracingulate gyrus, PaCiS, paracingulate sulcus, PaCS, paracentral sulcus, PCG, precentral gyrus, PCS, precentral sulcus, PFC, prefrontal cortex, SF, Sylvian Fissure, SFG, superior frontal gyrus, SMA, supplementary motor area, SRS, superior frontal sulcus.

Keywords: DLPFC, Superior, Inferior, Middle, Frontal gyri, Parcellation, MRI, Schizophrenia