Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging
Volume 146, Issue 1 , Pages 35-42 , 30 January 2006

Prefrontal subregions and dimensions of insight in first-episode schizophrenia — A pilot study

  • Mujeeb U. Shad

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 6363 Forest Park Road, FL6.628, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +1 214 648 5271; fax: +1 214 648 5421.
    • ,
  • Sri Muddasani

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
    • Tel.: +1 703 447 5559.
    • ,
  • Matcheri S. Keshavan

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Wayne State University, UCH 9B, 4201 St Antoine Boulevard, Detroit, MI, USA
    • Tel.: +1 248 865 0315.

Received 24 August 2005 ,Revised 26 October 2005 ,Accepted 5 November 2005.

References 

  1. Amador X, David A. Insight and Psychosis. New York: Oxford University Press; 1998;
  2. Amador XF, Amodt I, Marcinko L, Seckinger RA, Yale S. Revised version of Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD). American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993;150:873–879
  3. Amador XF, Flaum M, Andreasen NC, Strauss DH, Yale SA, Clark SC. Awareness of illness in schizophrenia, schizoaffective and mood disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1994;51:826–836
  4. Ammons CH, Ammons RB. The Quick Test (QT): provisional manual. Psychological Reports. 1962;11:111–161
  5. Andreasen NC. The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS): conceptual and theoretical foundations. British Journal of Psychiatry (Suppl.). 1989;7:49–58
  6. Andreasen NC. Methods for assessing positive and negative symptoms. Modern Problems of Pharmacopsychiatry. 1990;24:73–88
  7. Annett M. The binomial distribution of right, mixed and left-handedness. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. 1967;19:327–333
  8. David A, Buchanan A, Reed A, Almeida O. The assessment of insight in psychosis. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1992;161:599–602
  9. David A, van Os J, Jones P, Harvey I, Foerster A, Fahy T. Insight and psychotic illness: cross-sectional and longitudinal associations. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1995;167(5):621–628
  10. Debowska G, Grzywa A, Kucharska-Pietura K. Insight in paranoid schizophrenia—its relationship to psychopathology and premorbid adjustment. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 1998;39(5):255–260
  11. Dickerson FB, Boronow JJ, Ringel N, Parente F. Lack of insight among outpatients with schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services. 1997;48:195–199
  12. Drake RJ, Lewis SW. Insight and neurocognition in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. 2003;62(1–2):165–173
  13. Flashman LA, McAllister TW, Johnson SC, Rick JH, Green RL, Saykin AJ. Specific frontal lobe subregions correlated with unawareness of illness in schizophrenia: a preliminary study. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 2001;13(2):255–257
  14. Gilbert AR, Rosenberg DR, Harenski K, Spencer S, Sweeney JA, Keshavan MS. Thalamic volumes in first episode schizophrenic patients. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2001;158(4):618–624
  15. Haro MJ, Ochoa S, Cabrero L. Insight and use of health resources in patients with schizophrenia. Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría. 2001;29(2):103–108
  16. Kapur S. Psychosis as a state of aberrant salience: a framework linking biology, phenomenology and pharmacology in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;160(1):13–23
  17. Kelly BD, Clarke M, Browne S, McTigue O, Kamali M, Gervin M, et al. Clinical predictors of admission status in first episode schizophrenia. European Psychiatry. 2004;19(2):67–71
  18. Keshavan MS, Rabinowitz J, DeSmedt G, Harvey PD, Schooler N. Correlates of insight in first episode psychosis. Schizophrenia Research. 2004;70(2–3):187–194
  19. Lacerda AL, Hardan AY, Yorbik O, Keshavan MS. Measurement of the orbitofrontal cortex: a validation study of a new method. NeuroImage. 2003;19(3):665–673
  20. Laroi F, Fannemel M, Ronneberg U, Flekkoy K, Opjordsmoen S, Dullerud R, et al. Unawareness of illness in chronic schizophrenia and its relationship to structural brain measures and neuropsychological tests. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging. 2000;100:49–58
  21. Lopez OL, Becker JT, Somsak D, Dew MA, DeKosky ST. Awareness of cognitive deficits and anosognosia in probable Alzheimer's disease. European Neurology. 1994;34(5):277–282
  22. Lysaker PH, Bell MD. Insight and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: performance on repeated administrations of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1994;182:656–660
  23. Lysaker PH, Bell MD, Bryson G, Kaplan E. Neurocognitive function and insight in schizophrenia: support for an association with impairments in executive function but not with impairments in global function. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1998;97:297–301
  24. Lysaker PH, Bryson GJ, Bell MD. Insight and work performance in schizophrenia. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2002;190(3):142–146
  25. Magnotta VA, Harris G, Andreasen NC, O'Leary DS, Yuh WT, Heckel D. Structural MR image processing using the BRAINS2 toolbox. Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics. 2002;26(4):251–264
  26. Marks KA, Fastenau PS, Lysaker PH, Bond GR. Self-Appraisal of Illness Questionnaire (SAIQ): relationship to researcher-rated insight and neuropsychological function in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. 2000;45(3):203–211
  27. McEvoy JP, Apperson J, Appelbaum PS, Ortilip P, Brecosky J, Hammill K, et al. Insight in schizophrenia: its relationship to acute psychopathology. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1989;177:3–47
  28. McEvoy JP, Hartman M, Gottlieb D, Godwin S, Apperson LJ, Wilson W. Common sense, insight, and neuropsychological test performance in schizophrenic patients. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 1996;22:635–641
  29. Mendez MF, Shapira JS. Loss of insight and functional neuroimaging in frontotemporal dementia. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 2005;17(3):413–416
  30. Mohamed S, Fleming S, Penn DL, Spaulding W. Insight in schizophrenia: its relationship to measures of executive functions. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1999;187(9):525–531
  31. Overall JE, Gorham DR. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Psychological Reports. 1962;10:799–812
  32. Perkins DO. Predictors of noncompliance in patients with schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2002;63(12):1121–1128
  33. Reed BR, Jagust WJ, Coulter L. Anosognosia in Alzheimer's disease: relationships to depression, cognitive function, and cerebral perfusion. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. 1993;15(2):231–244
  34. Rossell SL, Coakes J, Shapleske J, Woodruff PW, David AS. Insight: its relationship with cognitive function, brain volume, and symptoms in schizophrenia. Psychological Medicine. 2003;33(1):111–119
  35. Sartorius N, Shapiro R, Kimura M, Barrett K. WHO International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia. Psychological Medicine. 1972;2(4):422–425
  36. Schultz W, Tremblay L, Hollerman JR. Reward processing in primate orbitofrontal cortex and basal ganglia. Cerebral Cortex. 2000;10(3):272–284
  37. Schwartz RC, Cohen BN, Grubaugh A. Does insight affect long-term impatient treatment outcome in chronic schizophrenia?. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 1997;38(5):283–288
  38. Shad MU, Muddasani S, Sahni SD, Keshavan MS. Insight and prefrontal cortex in first-episode schizophrenia. NeuroImage. 2004;22(3):1315–1320
  39. Smith TE, Hull JW, Israel LM, Willson DF. Insight, symptoms, and neurocognition in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 2000;26(1):193–200
  40. Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Gibbon M, First MB. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID): I. History, rationale, and description. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1992;49(8):624–629
  41. Stuss DT, Knight RT. Principles of Frontal Lobe Function. New York: Oxford University Press; 2002;
  42. Takai A, Uematsu M, Ueki H, Sone K, Kaiya H. Insight and its related factors in chronic schizophrenic patients: a preliminary study. European Journal of Psychiatry. 1992;6:159–170
  43. Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Ma Y, Fowler JS, Wong C, Ding YS, et al. Activation of orbital and medial prefrontal cortex by methylphenidate in cocaine-addicted subjects but not in controls: relevance to addiction. Journal of Neuroscience. 2005;25(15):3932–3939
  44. Voruganti LN, Heslegrave RJ, Awad AG. Neurocognitive correlates of positive and negative syndromes in schizophrenia. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;42(10):1066–1071
  45. Wallis JD, Dias R, Robbins TW, Roberts AC. Dissociable contributions of the orbitofrontal and lateral prefrontal cortex of the marmoset to performance on a detour reaching task. European Journal of Neuroscience. 2001;13(9):1797–1808
  46. Young DA, Davila R, Scher H. Unawareness of illness and neuropsychological performance in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. 1993;10:117–124
  47. Young DA, Zakzanis KK, Bailey C, Davila R, Griese J, Sartory G, et al. Further parameters of insight and neuropsychological deficit in schizophrenia and other chronic mental disease. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1998;186:44–50

PII: S0925-4927(05)00199-X

doi: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2005.11.001

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging
Volume 146, Issue 1 , Pages 35-42 , 30 January 2006

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution