Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging
Volume 146, Issue 1 , Pages 65-72 , 30 January 2006

Gray matter density reduction in the insula in fire survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder: A voxel-based morphometric study

  • Shulin Chen

      Affiliations

    • 139 Mid-Renmin Road Mental Health Institute of The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
    • Seventh Hospital of Hang Zhou, Hang Zhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
    • ,
  • Weiwei Xia

      Affiliations

    • Department of Automatic Control, College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, P.R. China
    • ,
  • Lingjiang Li

      Affiliations

    • 139 Mid-Renmin Road Mental Health Institute of The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding authors. Li, Tel.: +86 731 5550 413; fax: +86 731 5360 086.
    • ,
  • Jun Liu

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
    • ,
  • Zhong He

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
    • ,
  • Zishu Zhang

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
    • ,
  • Lirong Yan

      Affiliations

    • Department of Automatic Control, College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, P.R. China
    • ,
  • Jinli Zhang

      Affiliations

    • 139 Mid-Renmin Road Mental Health Institute of The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
    • ,
  • Dewen Hu

      Affiliations

    • Department of Automatic Control, College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, P.R. China
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding authors. Li, Tel.: +86 731 5550 413; fax: +86 731 5360 086.

Received 9 May 2005 ,Revised 23 September 2005 ,Accepted 28 September 2005.

References 

  1. American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th edition. Washington, DC: Author; 1994;
  2. Ashburner J, Friston KJ. Voxel-based morphometry—the methods. NeuroImage. 2000;11:805–821
  3. Ashburner J, Friston KJ. Why voxel-based morphometry should be used. NeuroImage. 2001;14:1238–1243
  4. Augustine JR. Circuitry and functional aspects of the insula lobe in primates including humans. Brain Research Brain Research Reviews. 1996;22:229–244
  5. Bonne O, Brandes D, Gilboa A, Gomori JM, Shenton ME, Pitman RK, et al. Longitudinal MRI study of hippocampal volume in trauma survivors with PTSD. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2001;158:1248–1251
  6. Bremner JD. Neuroimaging studies in post-traumatic stress disorder. Current Psychiatry Reports. 2002;4:254–263
  7. Bremner JD, Randall P, Scott TM, Bronen RA, Seibyl JP, Southwick SM, et al. MRI-based measurement of hippocampal volume in patients with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1995;152:973–981
  8. Bremner JD, Randall P, Vermetten E, Staib L, Bronen RA, Mazure C, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging-based measurement of hippocampal volume in posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood physical and sexual abuse—a preliminary report. Biological Psychiatry. 1997;41:23–32
  9. Breslau N. Epidemiologic studies of trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, and other psychiatric disorders. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2002;47:923–929
  10. Buckner RL, Raichle ME, Miezin FM, Petersen SE. Functional anatomic studies of memory retrieval for auditory words and visual pictures. Journal of Neuroscience. 1996;16:6219–6235
  11. Buckner RL, Koutstaal W, Schacter DL, Wagner AD, Rosen BR. Functional-anatomic study of episodic retrieval using fMRI. I. Retrieval effort versus retrieval success. Neuroimage. 1998;7:151–162
  12. Cristian DSMCP. New fields of research in posttraumatic stress disorder: brain imaging. Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 2005;18:55–64
  13. Dalgleish T. The emotional brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2004;5:583–589
  14. Damasio AR, Grabowski TJ, Bechara A, Damasio H, Ponto LL, Parvizi J, et al. Subcortical and cortical brain activity during the feeling of self-generated emotions. Nature Neuroscience. 2000;3:1049–1056
  15. De Bellis MD, Keshavan MS, Clark DB, Casey BJ, Giedd JN, Boring AM, et al. A.E. Bennett Research Award. Developmental traumatology: Part II. Brain development. Biological Psychiatry. 1999;45:1271–1284
  16. De Bellis MD, Keshavan MS, Harenski KA. Anterior cingulate N-acetylaspartate/creatine ratios during clonidine treatment in a maltreated child with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2001;11:311–316
  17. Decety J, Jackson PL, Sommerville JA, Chaminade T, Meltzoff AN. The neural bases of cooperation and competition: an fMRI investigation. Neuroimage. 2004;23:744–751
  18. Fennema-Notestine C, Stein MB, Kennedy CM, Archibald SL, Jernigan TL. Brain morphometry in female victims of intimate partner maltreatment-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Biological Psychiatry. 2002;52:1089–1101
  19. First MB, Spitzer RL, Williams JBW. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. Biometrics Research. New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute; 1994;
  20. Foundas AL, Leonard CM, Mahoney SM, Agee OF, Heilman KM. Atrophy of the hippocampal, parietal cortex, and insula in Alzheimer's disease: a volumetric magnetic resonance imaging study. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurology. 1997;10:81–89
  21. Freeman TW, Cardwell D, Karson CN, Komoroski RA. In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the medial temporal lobes of subjects with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 1998;40:66–71
  22. Friedman MJ. Posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1997;58(Suppl. 9):33–36
  23. Friston KJ, Holmes AP, Poline JB, Grasby PJ, Williams SC, Frackowiak RS, et al. Analysis of fMRI time-series revisited. Neuroimage. 1995;2:45–53
  24. George MS, Ketter TA, Parekh PI, Herscovitch P, Post RM. Gender differences in regional cerebral blood flow during transient self-induced sadness or happiness. Biological Psychiatry. 1996;40:859–871
  25. Gilbertson MW, Shenton ME, Ciszewski A, Kasai K, Lasko NB, Orr SP, et al. Smaller hippocampal volume predicts pathologic vulnerability to psychological trauma. Nature Neuroscience. 2002;5:1242–1247
  26. Giuliani NR, Calhoun VD, Pearlson GD, Francis A, Buchanan RW. Voxel-based morphometry versus region of interest: a comparison of two methods for analyzing gray matter differences in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. 2005;74:135–147
  27. Gurvits TV, Shenton ME, Hokama H, Ohta H, Lasko NB, Gilbertson MW, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging study of hippocampal volume in chronic, combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Biological Psychiatry. 1996;40:1091–1099
  28. Hull AM. Neuroimaging findings in post-traumatic stress disorder. Systematic review. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2002;181:102–110
  29. Iidaka T, Anderson ND, Kapur S, Cabeza R, Craik FI. The effect of divided attention on encoding and retrieval in episodic memory revealed by positron emission tomography. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 2000;12:267–280
  30. Kosslyn SM, Shin LM, Thompson WL, McNally RJ, Rauch SL, Pitman RK, et al. Neural effects of visualizing and perceiving aversive stimuli: a PET investigation. Neuroreport. 1996;7:1569–1576
  31. Kubany ES, Leisen MB, Kaplan AS, Kelly MP. Validation of a brief measure of posttraumatic stress disorder: the Distressing Event Questionnaire (DEQ). Psychological Assessment. 2000;12:197–209
  32. Lindauer RJ, Vlieger EJ, Jalink M, Olff M, Carlier IV, Majoie CB, et al. Smaller hippocampal volume in Dutch police officers with posttraumatic stress disorder. Biological Psychiatry. 2004;56:356–363
  33. Massana G, Serra-Grabulosa JM, Salgado-Pineda P, Gasto C, Junque C, Massana J, et al. Parahippocampal gray matter density in panic disorder: a voxel-based morphometric study. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2003;160:566–568
  34. Menon PM, Nasrallah HA, Lyons JA, Scott MF, Liberto V. Single-voxel proton MR spectroscopy of right versus left hippocampi in PTSD. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging. 2003;123:101–108
  35. Morgan MA, LeDoux JE. Differential contribution of dorsal and ventral medial prefrontal cortex to the acquisition and extinction of conditioned fear in rats. Behavioral Neuroscience. 1995;109:681–688
  36. Mullan S, Penfield W. Illusions of comparative interpretation and emotion; production by epileptic discharge and by electrical stimulation in the temporal cortex. AMA Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry. 1959;81:269–284
  37. Murphy FC, Nimmo-Smith I, Lawrence AD. Functional neuroanatomy of emotions: a meta-analysis. Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Neuroscience. 2003;3:207–233
  38. Nutt DJ, Malizia AL. Structural and functional brain changes in posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2004;65(Suppl. 1):11–17
  39. Okada T, Tanaka M, Kuratsune H, Watanabe Y, Sadato N. Mechanisms underlying fatigue: a voxel-based morphometric study of chronic fatigue syndrome. BMC Neurology. 2004;4:14
  40. Opitz B, Mecklinger A, Friederici AD. Functional asymmetry of human prefrontal cortex: encoding and retrieval of verbally and nonverbally coded information. Learning and Memory. 2000;7:85–96
  41. Pederson CL, Maurer SH, Kaminski PL, Zander KA, Peters CM, Stokes-Crowe LA, et al. Hippocampal volume and memory performance in a community-based sample of women with posttraumatic stress disorder secondary to child abuse. Journal of Traumatic Stress. 2004;17:37–40
  42. Phan KL, Wager T, Taylor SF, Liberzon I. Functional neuroanatomy of emotion: a meta-analysis of emotion activation studies in PET and fMRI. Neuroimage. 2002;16:331–348
  43. Phelps EA, O'Connor KJ, Gatenby JC, Gore JC, Grillon C, Davis M. Activation of the left amygdala to a cognitive representation of fear. Nature Neuroscience. 2001;4:437–441
  44. Phillips ML, Drevets WC, Rauch SL, Lane R. Neurobiology of emotion perception: I. The neural basis of normal emotion perception. Biological Psychiatry. 2003;54:504–514
  45. Rauch SL, van der Kolk BA, Fisler RE, Alpert NM, Orr SP, Savage CR, et al. A symptom provocation study of posttraumatic stress disorder using positron emission tomography and script-driven imagery. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1996;53:380–387
  46. Reber PJ, Wong EC, Buxton RB. Encoding activity in the medial temporal lobe examined with anatomically constrained fMRI analysis. Hippocampus. 2002;12:363–376
  47. Reiman EM, Lane RD, Ahern GL, Schwartz GE, Davidson RJ, Friston KJ, et al. Neuroanatomical correlates of externally and internally generated human emotion. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;154:918–925
  48. Richardson MP, Friston KJ, Sisodiya SM, Koepp MJ, Ashburner J, Free SL, et al. Cortical grey matter and benzodiazepine receptors in malformations of cortical development. A voxel-based comparison of structural and functional imaging data. Brain. 1997;120(Pt 11):1961–1973
  49. Schuff N, Marmar CR, Weiss DS, Neylan TC, Schoenfeld F, Fein G, et al. Reduced hippocampal volume and N-acetyl aspartate in posttraumatic stress disorder. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1997;821:516–520
  50. Shin LM, McNally RJ, Kosslyn SM, Thompson WL, Rauch SL, Alpert NM, et al. Regional cerebral blood flow during script-driven imagery in childhood sexual abuse-related PTSD: a PET investigation. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1999;156:575–584
  51. Shin LM, Whalen PJ, Pitman RK, Bush G, Macklin ML, Lasko NB, et al. An fMRI study of anterior cingulate function in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biological Psychiatry. 2001;50:932–942
  52. Shin LM, Shin PS, Heckers S, Krangel TS, Macklin ML, Orr SP, et al. Hippocampal function in posttraumatic stress disorder. Hippocampus. 2004;14:292–300
  53. Talairach J, Tournoux P. Co-planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain. Stuttgart-New York: Georg Thieme Verlag; 1988;
  54. Villarreal G, Petropoulos H, Hamilton DA, Rowland LM, Horan WP, Griego JA, et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the hippocampal and occipital white matter in PTSD: preliminary results. Canadian Jounal of Psychiatry. 2002;47:666–670
  55. Wignall EL, Dickson JM, Vaughan P, Farrow TF, Wilkinson ID, Woodruff PW. Smaller hippocampal volume in patients with recent-onset posttraumatic stress disorder. Biological Psychiatry. 2004;56:832–836
  56. Winter H, Irle E. Hippocampal volume in adult burn patients with and without posttraumatic stress disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2004;161:2194–2200
  57. Wright IC, McGuire PK, Poline JB, Travere JM, Murray RM, Frith CD, et al. A voxel-based method for the statistical analysis of gray and white matter density applied to schizophrenia. Neuroimage. 1995;2:244–252
  58. Wright IC, Ellison ZR, Sharma T, Friston KJ, Murray RM, McGuire PK. Mapping of grey matter changes in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. 1999;35:1–14
  59. Yamasue H, Kasai K, Iwanami A, Ohtani T, Yamada H, Abe O, et al. Voxel-based analysis of MRI reveals anterior cingulate gray-matter volume reduction in posttraumatic stress disorder due to terrorism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2003;100:9039–9043
  60. Zald DH, Lee JT, Fluegel KW, Pardo JV. Aversive gustatory stimulation activates limbic circuits in humans. Brain. 1998;121(Pt 6):1143–1154

PII: S0925-4927(05)00151-4

doi: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2005.09.006

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging
Volume 146, Issue 1 , Pages 65-72 , 30 January 2006

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution